Researchers Map the Epigenomic Atlas of Head & Neck Cancers in Indian Patients

A multi-year effort at the Cancer Institute has produced the most comprehensive epigenomic atlas of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in an Indian population to date. The study profiled DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin accessibility across 320 tumour samples, predominantly from patients with tobacco-related, HPV-negative disease.

The analysis identified four distinct epigenomic subtypes that predict treatment response and patient outcomes independently of traditional staging. One subtype, characterised by widespread promoter hypermethylation, showed unexpected sensitivity to demethylating agents in patient-derived organoid models, suggesting a potential new therapeutic approach.

The complete dataset and analysis tools have been made publicly available, establishing a resource that will support head and neck cancer research globally, particularly in populations where tobacco-driven disease predominates.